Polity · 1890 CE – 2019 CE
Brazilian Republic
República Federativa do Brasil · Brasil
- Peak recorded area
- 8,530,970 km²
- 1905 CE
- Rulers on record
- 7
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 34
- 1890 CE–1958 CE
Overview
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is also the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh-largest by population, with over 213 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 states and a Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
5 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 2019 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
3 of 4 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 32.2Mpersons1928 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Urban Population39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 3.1Mpersons1928 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Community Size5 obs · 1910 CE–1958 CE | 3ordinal1958 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Economy
6 of 12 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 1,4922011 int'l $1928 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 1,622int'l $ (inflation adj.)1928 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 475.36million USD (current)1928 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 442.43million USD (current)1928 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 32.93million USD (current)1928 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 917.79million USD (current)1928 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 0.0102CINC (share of world capability)1928 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 3.4Mcoal-ton equivalents1928 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 21Ktons1928 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 48Kpersons1928 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP21 obs · 1890 CE–1913 CE | 8.4Mcurrent GBP1913 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure15 obs · 1914 CE–1928 CE | 48.2Mcurrent USD1928 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production29 obs · 1900 CE–1928 CE | 2.03TWh1928 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production29 obs · 1900 CE–1928 CE | 0TWh1928 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production29 obs · 1900 CE–1928 CE | 0TWh1928 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
6 of 7 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 0.199index (0-1)1928 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 0.125index (0-1)1928 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 0.141index (0-1)1928 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 0.29index (0-1)1928 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type29 obs · 1900 CE–1928 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)1928 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Jurisdictional Hierarchy5 obs · 1910 CE–1958 CE | 1ordinal1958 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Development
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index39 obs · 1890 CE–1928 CE | 0.523index (0-1)1928 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Class Stratification5 obs · 1910 CE–1958 CE | 1ordinal1958 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Rulers
7 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Fernando Collor de MelloHead of State1990 CE – 1992 CE
- Itamar FrancoHead of State1992 CE – 1994 CE
- Fernando Henrique CardosoHead of State1995 CE – 2002 CE
- Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaHead of State2003 CE – 2010 CE
- Dilma RousseffHead of State2011 CE – 2016 CE
- Michel TemerHead of Government2016 CE – 2019 CE
- Michel TemerHead of State2016 CE – 2019 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Portuguese
- Currency
- Brazilian real (BRL), Brazilian cruzeiro real (BRR), cruzeiro (BRE), Brazilian cruzado novo (BRN), Brazilian cruzado (BRC), cruzeiro (BRB)
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock)Ethnographic Atlas (D-PLACE 2.3)
Kirby, K.R. et al. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7).
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Brazilian Republic is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.