Polity · 1815 CE – 1847 CE
Bourbon Kingdom of France
Royaume de France · Restauration
- Peak recorded area
- 626,161 km²
- 1836 CE
- Data series
- 48
- 1815 CE–1847 CE
Overview
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 and 1815. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France, which had been profoundly changed by the French Revolution. Exhausted by the Napoleonic Wars, the kingdom experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialisation.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
8 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1847 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 25 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Life Expectancy32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 40.42years1847 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Population32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 35.5Mpersons1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 1.6Mpersons1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Height Men3 obs · 1820 CE–1840 CE | 164.3cm1840 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Infant Mortality3 obs · 1820 CE–1840 CE | 160.5per 1000 live births1840 CE · Clio-Infra |
| City Pop Paris2 obs · 1825 CE–1846 CE | 1.3Mpersons1846 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
Economy
4 of 5 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 2,606.72011 int'l $1847 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 2,795int'l $ (inflation adj.)1847 CE · Gapminder |
| Real Wage28 obs · 1820 CE–1847 CE | 12.69index (1500=1)1847 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Income Inequality Gini | 59gini (0-1)1820 CE · Clio-Infra |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 0.1464CINC (share of world capability)1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 7.7Mcoal-ton equivalents1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 592Ktons1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 20.7Mcurrent GBP1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel32 obs · 1816 CE–1847 CE | 394Kpersons1847 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Battle Count | 1battles1847 CE · Historical Conflict Events Dataset (HCED v3) |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 0.208index (0-1)1847 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 0.2index (0-1)1847 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 0.134index (0-1)1847 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity233 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | -1index (-10 to 10)1847 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Rule Of Law Index33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 0.755index (0-1)1847 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 7 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 0.526index (0-1)1847 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Radios33 obs · 1815 CE–1847 CE | 0count1847 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km23 obs · 1825 CE–1847 CE | 1,511km1847 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items18 obs · 1830 CE–1847 CE | 255items1847 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage10 obs · 1838 CE–1847 CE | 671gross tons1847 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km4 obs · 1841 CE–1846 CE | 325passenger-km1846 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- French
- Currency
- French franc (FRF)
Memberships
- United Kingdom–France–Russia Entente (1827)Historical alliance · member1827 CE – 1829 CE
- United Kingdom–France Defense Pact (1832)Military alliance · member1832 CE – 1833 CE
- Belgium–France Defense Pact (1832)Military alliance · member1832 CE – 1833 CE
- 4-member Defense Pact (1834)Military alliance · member1834 CE – 1839 CE
- 4-member Defense Pact (1847)Military alliance · member1847 CE – 1847 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Historical Conflict Events Dataset (HCED v3)v3
Brecke, P. Conflict Catalog (Historical Conflict Events Dataset), digitized v3.
Academic use, attribution
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Bourbon Kingdom of France is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.